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Tamil Language · Sentence construction

Build a clear Tamil sentence

You know what you want to say in Tamil but the sentence comes out tangled.

A clear Tamil sentence has a subject, the other parts in a sensible order, and a verb at the end whose ending matches the subject and time. Build it in that order.

This lesson is part of sentence construction in the SPM Bahasa Tamil guide. The next lesson covers choosing connectors.

How do I build the sentence?

Follow four steps. Find the subject, choose the verb, match its ending to the subject and the time, then add the other parts before the verb.

Test the result by asking three questions. Who acts? When? Does the verb ending fit both?

Worked example: a book given to students

Meaning: The teacher gave the students a book yesterday.

Step 1: subject. ஆசிரியர் (teacher).

Step 2: other parts. Time: நேற்று (yesterday). Receiver: மாணவர்களுக்கு (to the students). Object: ஒரு புத்தகத்தை (a book).

Step 3: verb. கொடு (give), past tense, respectful singular subject: கொடுத்தார்.

Step 4: assemble with the verb last.

ஆசிரியர் நேற்று மாணவர்களுக்கு ஒரு புத்தகத்தைக் கொடுத்தார்.

Notice the small sandhi: புத்தகத்தை plus கொடுத்தார் becomes புத்தகத்தைக் கொடுத்தார், with a hard consonant added before the verb. The sentence reads: teacher, yesterday, to the students, a book, gave.

A second example: The girls sing in the hall. becomes பெண்கள் மண்டபத்தில் பாடுகிறார்கள். The present tense ending -கிறார்கள் matches the plural subject.

The mistake that costs marks

The common slip is a verb ending that does not match the subject.

Sentence Problem Correct
ஆசிரியர் புத்தகத்தைக் கொடுத்தான். -ான் is a masculine singular ending; it does not fit a respectful subject ஆசிரியர் புத்தகத்தைக் கொடுத்தார்.
பெண்கள் பாடுகிறாள். Singular ending with a plural subject பெண்கள் பாடுகிறார்கள்.
நான் நேற்று பள்ளிக்குப் போகிறேன். Present tense with a past time word நான் நேற்று பள்ளிக்குப் போனேன்.

Each mistake is small, but each can cost a mark in a writing task. When you check a sentence, look at the verb ending first.

Check yourself

Build a Tamil sentence for this meaning: Kumar repaired the bicycle yesterday. Use குமார், நேற்று, மிதிவண்டி and சரிசெய் (repair).

Answer

குமார் நேற்று மிதிவண்டியைச் சரிசெய்தான்.

The subject comes first, the time word next, and the object மிதிவண்டியை before the verb. The verb சரிசெய்தான் is in the past tense with a masculine singular ending. The consonant in -ச் சரி joins the object to the verb.

What to study next

Go on to choosing connectors for cause, contrast and sequence. To work on spelling and punctuation, see vocabulary and accuracy.

For a teacher to check your sentences as you write them, see online one-to-one SPM Bahasa Tamil tuition.

Common questions

Where does the verb go in a Tamil sentence?

In written Tamil the verb normally comes at the end. The subject usually comes first, then time, place and object. Keeping this order makes the meaning clear.

How do I choose the verb ending?

The ending shows tense and who is acting. A respectful singular subject such as ஆசிரியர் takes the ending -ார், while a plural subject takes -ார்கள் or -னர். Match the ending to the subject.

Why does the sentence sound odd even when every word is right?

The words may be in an unnatural order or the tense may not match the time word. Read the sentence aloud and check that the time word and the verb tense agree.

Should I write in short or long sentences?

A clear short sentence is better than a long tangled one. Build the core sentence first, then add time and place words one at a time.

If your Tamil sentences carry the same ending or order slip every time, one-to-one lessons let a teacher spot the pattern in your own writing and drill the fix.

  • Online one-to-one lessons for your child with an experienced teacher.
  • Your first class is a one-hour trial, from RM50. The fee is agreed before you book.
  • Happy with the teacher? Continue with lessons of about 1.5 hours. If not, ask for another teacher.