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Science chapter guide

Force and pressure in SPM Science

Pressure, fluids and buoyancy feel like separate ideas and you want to see how they link.

Force and pressure asks you to connect a push, the area it acts on and what happens as a result. It runs from the pressure a bag strap puts on a shoulder to why a boat floats and how a garage lift works.

The lessons below follow an order where each idea supports the next. If one skill is weak, start there. Otherwise, follow the order.

How do the parts connect?

Pressure in solids comes first: pressure = force ÷ area. Once that is clear, pressure in fluids follows, because pressure in a liquid depends on depth and density.

Buoyancy uses the pressure difference between the top and bottom of an object in a fluid. Hydraulic systems then use the way pressure passes through a liquid to multiply a force.

A small worked example

An invented school bag weighs 60 N. A thin strap touches the shoulder over 3 cm², and a wide strap spreads the weight over 12 cm².

Convert the areas to m²: 3 cm² is 0.0003 m² and 12 cm² is 0.0012 m². Pressure under the thin strap = 60 ÷ 0.0003 = 200 000 Pa. Pressure under the wide strap = 60 ÷ 0.0012 = 50 000 Pa.

The force is the same, but the wide strap gives a quarter of the pressure. That is why wide straps are more comfortable, and this one idea runs through the whole topic.

Who should start where?

If you want a teacher to work through pressure questions with you, see online one-to-one Science tuition.

Common questions

Which lesson should I start with?

Start with calculating pressure from force and area, because fluids, buoyancy and hydraulics all rely on pressure as force per area. If that is secure, move to comparing pressure in fluids.

Is this topic mostly calculation?

It is a mix. Pressure from force and area is a calculation, while buoyancy is mostly explained in words, and fluid and hydraulic questions combine both with data.

Why do units matter so much here?

Pressure can be in pascals or other units, and area can be in cm² or m². Mixing them gives answers that are wrong by a factor of 10 000, which is a common lost mark.

Where does hydraulic data fit?

It comes after pressure in fluids, because a hydraulic system uses the idea that pressure is transmitted through a liquid. Read that lesson after the first three here.

If the formulas work but the reasons behind them do not, one-to-one Science lessons let a teacher start from a situation you know, such as a heavy bag, and build the pressure idea from it.

  • Online one-to-one lessons for your child with an experienced teacher.
  • Your first class is a one-hour trial, from RM50. The fee is agreed before you book.
  • Happy with the teacher? Continue with lessons of about 1.5 hours. If not, ask for another teacher.