This set has seven mixed items on the four skills from rumusan decisions with competing evidence. Write your answer first, then open the block.
Need the basics first? Work through the main rumusan practice before this set.
Cause, effect and direction
1. “Bekalan air terputus kerana paip utama pecah. Penduduk terpaksa beratur di lori tangki.” For the question “kesan paip pecah”, which idea do you select?
Answer
Two effects follow the burst pipe: bekalan air terputus and penduduk beratur di lori tangki. The first is the direct effect and the second comes one step later. Select the direct effect unless the question asks you to follow the chain further.
2. “Petani menebang hutan untuk menanam kelapa sawit, lalu hidupan liar kehilangan habitat.” Name the sebab of the habitat loss.
Answer
Petani menebang hutan. The oil palm planting explains why the trees were cut, so it is the motive, not the direct cause of the habitat loss.
Same meaning or different?
3. Are “kadar kemalangan menurun” and “jumlah kemalangan berkurang” one point or two?
Answer
One point. Both say accidents became fewer. Keep the clearer wording and drop the other.
4. Are “jalan dilebarkan” and “kesesakan berkurang” one point or two?
Answer
Two points. The first is an action taken, and the second is its result. They may both belong if the question asks for something both cover, but they are not the same idea.
Trim and audit
5. Trim: “Dengan kerjasama yang erat antara guru dan ibu bapa, pihak sekolah berjaya menubuhkan kelab membaca yang aktif.”
Answer
“Pihak sekolah menubuhkan kelab membaca.” The core is the actor, the action and the object. The cooperation and the word “aktif” were detail unless the question asks how the club was formed.
6. Focus: langkah. Passage ideas: pemandu diberi saman; kamera dipasang di simpang; kempen keselamatan diadakan; kemalangan berkurang.
A rumusan mentions only the saman and the kempen. What is missing?
Answer
The camera at the junction is missing. “Kemalangan berkurang” is a kesan, so it is correctly absent from a langkah answer.
7. A student writes four sentences on a sebab question, but two carry the same idea. Is the rumusan complete?
Answer
It has only three distinct points, so it may still miss one. Run the audit: list the passage’s sebab ideas, tick those present, and add the missing one in place of the repeated sentence.
If you got these wrong
- Items 1 and 2: revisit separating cause from effect.
- Items 3 and 4: revisit recognising the same idea in different words.
- Item 5: revisit rewriting a point concisely.
- Items 6 and 7: revisit auditing for omitted focus.
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